Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) – is genetic disorder of growth of ectodermal structures. This disorder is congenital birth defect and affects the ectoderm with visible symptoms on teeth, skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, parts of the eye and ear, adrenal tissue, facial structures, nerve tissue.
According to Freire-Maia and Pinheiro diagnosis of ED is based on fourth basic clinical symptoms: 1 – abnormal hair (trichodysplasia), 2 – missing teeth (hypodontia, oligodontia, and anodontia), 3 – abnormal nails (onychodysplasia), 4 – abnormal sweat glands (dyshidrosis).
The aim of this project was presentation of abnormalities of permanent teeth in patients with ectodermal dysplasia.
Material was 22 patients with ectodermal dysplasia, 16 boys and 6 girls. Hypohydrotic ED was diagnosed in 10 patients, hydrotic ED was diagnosed in 12 patients.
Results: in all 22 patients were diagnosed significant congenital missing teeth (from 6 to 28 teeth (excluding third molars). In 2 patients were observed anodontia, in 20 cases – oligodontia of permanent teeth. 15 patients have delays in teeth eruption. In all patients abnormalities - conical crowns form was observed.
In 3 patients taurodonts in the posterior sextans were observed. The hypoplastic enamel was observed in 2 cases only. In the place of missing teeth the deficient development of the alveolar process was observed. 20 patients have malocclusions and abnormal tooth positions.
Conclusion: patients with ectodermal dysplasia should be covered by complex dentistry treatment with particular attention on orthodontic and prosthetic treatments.