En Masse Retraction of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Using Frictional and Frictionless Techniques (an In Vitro Comparative Study)
The present study deals with the evaluation and comparison of the frictional and the frictionless techniques that are used for en masse retraction of maxillary anterior teeth conducted on both 0.018 × 0.030" and 0.022 × 0.030" slot dimension titanium bracket using Typodont simulation system. The standardizing criteria were all Typodont teeth should be well aligned before permanent fixation of the posterior teeth, (2nd premolars, 1st and 2nd molars), using a posterior acrylic bite. The anterior teeth remained free to be well aligned before every experiment, using two mobile anterior acrylic bites which are designed to be attached to the posterior bite, and then finally the position is adjusted using an electronic digital vernia.The results of this study show that the power chain produce a significantly (p<0.05) higher rate of space closure than that of Ni-Ti coil spring conducted on the same bracket slot dimension, while, changing the bracket slot dimension from 0.018 × 0.030" to 0.022 × 0.030" resulted to a significant, (p<0.05), reduction in the vertical position change. The conclusions of this study show that the frictional techniques work better when elastomeric chain is used and/or conducted on 0.022 × 0.030" bracket slot dimension, while, the frictionless techniques work superiorly when one or more of the following is/are used: T-loop design, TMA loop material, continuous arch technique and/or 0.018 × 0.030״ bracket slot dimension. Finally, the frictionless techniques appear to be superior techniques when compared to the frictional techniques.